Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Zaremuk Rimma
Articles in journal: (total 41)
The aim of this work was the development of new methodological approaches for the integrated assessment of thuya varieties. A new scale for the estimation of adaptive and decorative features is presented on the example of introduced varieties of the Thuja L. genus. The results of a complex assessment of two species representatives are presented: Thuja occidentalis L. Brabant, Degroots Spire, Malonyana, Mini Smaragd, Brobeck's Tower, Litomysl, Smaragd Variegata; Thuja plicata L. varieties of Zebrina, Atrovirens, Can-Can, Dura. The assessment made it possible to develop an evaluation scale, that includes the signs of adaptability winter hardiness, drought resistance, disease resistance, wind resistance, as well as decorative features crown architecture, crown coloring in summer and winter, needle aroma, maximum decorative period. Each sign was assessed on a 5-point scale, where 1 point is the minimum value, 5 points is the maximum value of the characteristic. When calculating the total mark, each mark obtained for a particular sign was indexed by means of a transfer coefficient of significance (P), the value of which was determined by the duration of each characteristic action. Taking into account the new methodological approaches, in the Southern Region an evaluation scale of the characteristics of introduced thuya varieties is suggested resistance to abiotic and biotic factors of the environment and decorativity, which can be used to estimate the other coniferous plants. The results obtained made it possible to select the groups of thuya varieties: highly decorative (80-95 points) Degroots Spire, Mini Smaragd, Atrovirens, Dura; decorative (65-79 points) Brabant, Can-Can, Smaragd Variegata, Brobeck's Tower, Malonyana. The selected thuya varieties are recommended for landscape gardening in the Krasnodar Territory.
The new plum varieties of NCRRIH&V breeding with economically valuable traits recommended for adaptive technologies of cultivation and breeding are presented in the article.
The features of perspective apple varieties of various ecological end geographical origin are studied and the best of them are allocated on studied morphological features under the ecological conditions of the Chechen Republic. Taking into account the requirements of intensive gardening the parameters of vegetative organs of apple plants, allowing to estimate the varieties resistance to various mechanical and stressful influences, photosynthetic activity, productivity of crown volume and also to define ecological plasticity of varieties are determined. The studied indicators (the length of interstices, a corner of shoot divergence, quantity of leaves on a shoot) allow to define the degree of growth activity of apple plants, to choose a type of young trees formation and their cutting during full fructification period. Taking into account the specified criterias the apple-tree varieties Red Chiv, Nemora, Kuban Bargiyan, Red Darya are allocated. The established parameters indicate the possibility of use of the allocated varieties for cultivation with use of intensive elements of technology, in particular the flattened types of crown formation of young trees and dense schemes of placement them in a garden, and also for creation of intensive plantings of an apple-tree under soil and climatic conditions of Chechen Republic.
The results of water balance studying of twelve perspective apple varieties of various ecological and geographical origin under conditions of the Chechen Republic are presented. Water-retaining ability of leaves of different apple varieties for an assessment of their relative drought resistance and allocation steadier ones on this indicators is studied. It is established, that the majority of varieties of the domestic selection (NRRIH&V), created in the region with insufficient moistering and almost annually repeating of a long drought periods, are characterized by low water return of leaves and higher water-retaining ability. It gives the basis to carry them to rather drought-resistant apple varieties. The received results confirm a hypothesis that the apple varieties of local selection, created under the specific ecological conditions, are more resistant to all adverse and stressful factors inherited this zone. In our researches it is established that the studied apple varieties are more drought-resistant. The apple-tree Red Darya, Kuban Bagrian, Persikov, Renet Kuban, Pamyat Esaul and also less drought-resistant varieties Fudzhi, Interprays, Golden Bee, Red Chiv, Prikubanskoye and Renet Simierenko are needed additional watering for getting the big and stable fruits crops under the conditions of irregular rainfall. These varieties are perspective for intensive technologies of cultivation with use of a drop irrigation and they can be included in the assortment for creation of new apple-trees plantings in the Chechen Republic.